The Paris Agreement, an international treaty on climate change, was adopted by 195 countries in December 2015. The agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with a goal of limiting the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. India, as one of the signatories, has a significant role to play in achieving these goals.
India is the world`s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases after China and the United States. However, it is also one of the fastest-growing economies and has a large population, which means its energy demands are also high. Therefore, India`s contribution to the Paris Agreement is crucial for the success of the treaty.
India`s INDC (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions) under the Paris Agreement include reducing the emission intensity of its GDP by 33-35% from 2005 levels by 2030. The country has also pledged to achieve 40% of its installed capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. Other commitments include afforestation, expanding renewable energy, and increasing the use of electric vehicles.
India`s role in the Paris Agreement extends beyond its INDC commitments. The country has been a vocal advocate for the rights of developing countries, urging developed nations to provide financial and technological support for climate mitigation and adaptation measures. India has called for developed countries to fulfill their commitment to provide $100 billion annually in climate finance to developing countries.
India has also taken steps to reduce its carbon footprint through policies such as the National Clean Energy Fund, which supports renewable energy projects. The country has also launched the International Solar Alliance, a coalition of countries committed to renewable energy.
However, India`s efforts to meet its commitments under the Paris Agreement face challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the country`s economy, and the government has had to divert resources away from climate change initiatives. Additionally, India`s energy demands continue to grow, with many parts of the country still reliant on fossil fuels.
In conclusion, India`s role in the Paris Agreement is significant, both in terms of its commitments to reducing emissions and advocating for the rights of developing countries. However, the country faces challenges in meeting its targets, and the international community will need to provide support to ensure the success of the treaty.